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Boer War: wounded soldiers being escorted off the hospital train at Durban from Ladysmith. Watercolour by F. Dadd, 1899. Wellcome Collection.

Physiotherapy’s First War

The First World War is considered the turning point for the institutionalisation and expansion of the physiotherapy profession. The sheer volume of injured personnel created by the mechanisation of arms, combined with emerging government social responsibility, facilitated support for a workforce trained to assist in physical rehabilitation. But the First

Students from the Saxony School in the Orthopaedic Gymnasium 1966.

Studying Physiotherapy Behind the Iron Curtain

My vocational training as a physiotherapist in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) offered me my first internship in 1968 at a Saxon Thermal Bath, a leading spa facility in the GDR for rheumatic diseases, specialising in ankylosing spondylitis, but also in the late effects of polio. In the physiotherapy department,

‘Essays on Massage History 1750 – 1950’: Book Review

As an adjunct health service or a junior partner to medicine, massage has oft lacked respect. So much so, that even its own history has remained poorly understood. Massage needed someone to come along to provide intellectual rigour to its story, and it came in an unlikely form – a

Animal Physiotherapy

Animal physiotherapy began with surprising enthusiasm, supported from its earliest days by none other than Lord Mountbatten (1939). It began to gain recognition and caught the attention of visionary therapists and forward-thinking institutions who believed that animals, too, could benefit from physical rehabilitation. Thanks to figures like Sir Charles Strong

The Seal of King George V

A Royal Charter

The original roots of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP) in the United Kingdom date back to the foundation of the Society of Trained Masseuses (STM) in 1894. In 1900, the Society was incorporated by the Board of Trade by Licence under the then Companies Act of Parliament to become the

Gymnasium at King's College Hospital, London with female patients and staff. c1900.

Dr Koch’s Emasculation and the Birth of Physiotherapy

The formation of the Society of Trained Masseuses (STM) by four British nurses in 1894 is often opined as the beginning of the physiotherapy profession (Ottoson, 2015). In support, physiotherapy historian and critical thinker Dave Nicholls (2016) said on the subject, ..physiotherapy must be seen to begin when the question

Teachers-in-training at the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics practicing the Ling system of gymnastics. Circa 1891-1896.

American Physical Therapy Before the War

The commonly accepted premise of the origins of the physical therapy profession in the United States is that it began in response to the First World War (Hansson & Ottosson, 2015). This understanding has likely arisen from the hegemonic American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) focussing its historical work on its

Dubious Electrotherapy

The word physiotherapy was used by many different practitioners in the first part of the twentieth century; including French physicians, American electrotherapeutists and later British radiologists as medical radiation was first grouped with electrotherapy. The word physiotherapy was also also used by ‘cultists’ like chiropractors and osteopaths, and untrained laypersons

Mechanotherapy room, General Hospital, Mexico City, 1905.

The Physiotherapy Institutions of Mexico City

Prior to the turn of the 19th century individuals with lesser physical capacity from congenital diseases or acquired from work accidents, war wounds, etc., were commonly excluded from work and social environments because they were considered incapable of contributing to society. Medical care for this type of population was seen

Netball in the playground of William Street Girls School, London. c1908. Note the wastepaper baskets used as goals.

On the Origins of Netball

The international game of netball can trace its popularity and codification to a unique college of Swedish gymnastics in the United Kingdom at the turn of the nineteenth century. The all-female college was also at the heart of the development of both the physical education and physiotherapy professions. Women’s Basketball

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