Quiz 2

The ‘Journal de Physiothérapie’ was founded by Dr Emile Albert-Weil, a French physician and electrotherapist, and first published in January 1903. The journal served as a platform for sharing information about the various applications of physical agents, such as massage, gymnastics, hydrotherapy, and electrotherapy; and was published monthly.

Mary McMillan went to China in 1931 on a Rockefeller Foundation grant where she became director of physical therapy at Peking Union College. On her return to the US in 1941 she was trapped by the advancing Japanese Army in Manilla, The Phillipines, where she was a prisoner of war for the next three years.

Ling’s work was introduced to Argentina by immigrant Swedish physician Ernst Georg Åberg, who married into an elite Buenos Aires family and thereby gained access to the influential, wealthy and learned. It’s neighbour Chile was introduced to the ‘movement cure’ by immigrant graduates of the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics.

The goniometer enabled the objectification of therapeutic procedures through quantitative assessment of a joint’s range of motion. It opened the door to systematic evaluation of treatment effectiveness and lay the groundwork for evidence-based practice.

Based on an extensive public survey, where more than half of the respondents said that they imagined a physiotherapist to be similar to a medical practitioner, the judge decided neither the masseurs or gymnasts could use the term physiotherapy.  However unification of the two Germany’s in 1991 saw the West German medical gymnasts unite with the East German physiotherapists, who had used the term since 1964.

Two competing Belgian physiotherapy associations sought to be founding members WCPT, against the rules which decreed only one member per nation. As Belgium was part of a bloc of Western European Nations seeking to join as a group, their French representative, André Nicolle, declared that in solidarity with Belgium the bloc could not join WCPT and could take no part in further discussion.

Gung Fu (Kung Fu) and therapeutic exercise intersect through practices designed to strengthen the body, calm the mind, and promote longevity. While traditional “hard” Kung Fu focuses on power, speed, and strength, other practices like Qigong and Tai Chi serve as therapeutic, low-impact, or moderate-intensity workouts suitable for rehabilitation, stress reduction, and improving balance.

The Australian Physiotherapy Association repealed its first ethical principle, which stated that ‘It is unethical for a member to act in a professional capacity except on referral by a registered medical or dental practitioner’ on 14 August 1976.

The study was published in Physical Therapy Journal in 1975, and is likely the origin of physical therapists discussing “screening” for red flags in low back pain, a term that was coined years earlier but rarely used by physical therapists.

Englishman Almeric Paget had illustrious lineage but little funds. He married US heiress Pauline Whitney with whose money they sponsored the massage corp. Their generosity significantly helped the physiotherapy profession and Almeric Paget’s political ambitions.

Maggie Knott was the first physical therapist to join Kabat, but Voss is credited with adding the world neuromuscular.  Elizabeth Kenney was an Australian nurse who pioneered a controversial treatment for polio victims. Florence Kendall worked in the field but was better known for her publications.

Bad Ragaz describes the warm waters of Ragaz in Switzerland. A place for the ‘taking of waters’ it has a long history of healing from 1240. Wildbader exercises describe how patients float supine with the support of rings. The Bad Ragaz variation was a closed chain exercise where the body part was stabilised and the person moved from the body part.

The birth of modern physiotherapy could be attributed to Swede Pehr Henrik Ling and his Swedish Gymnastics, however from a medical perspective the precursors were the hydrotherapy of central Europe and the massage of Dutch physician Johann Mezger.  A natural merger occurred between Ling and Mezger’s contributions, however the masculine medical profession was not particularly interested in the work and outsourced it to women seeking better opportunities.

The Latin American Confederation for Physical Therapy and Kinesiology (CLAFK) was officially founded on 19 November 1967 and has eleven national associations as members.

On the 1st of January 2026 the Botswana Physiotherapy Association, along with the Iranian Physiotherapy Association and the Iraqi Association for Physiotherapy, joined World Physiotherapy.