#1. Physician Robert Tait McKenzie significantly accelerated the progression of the masseuse to become the physiotherapist during the First World War. Where was he from?
McKenzie was a physician and gymnastic instructor. He was employed by the British, Canadian and US Armies to improve the fitness of recruits and expedite the recovery of injured soldiers. He expanded the repetoire of the masseuses to include electrotherapy and exercise (including hydrotherapy). Most importantly he encouraged them to diagnose, treatment plan and progress their treatments, giving them the confidence to develop the profession.
#2. The words Physiotherapy and Physical Therapy have different meanings in Brazil and are not used interchangeably. Physiotherapy is the profession, whilst Physical Therapy is a resource used by different occupations.
See Oliveira AL & Nunes ED. (2015). Physiotherapy: A historical analysis of the transformation of an occupation to a profession in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Physiotherapy, 19(4), 286-293.
#3. One of the earliest medical physiotherapy institutions in Italy was the Istituto Fisioterapico Gabbrielli-Bacci in Florence. When was it founded?
The first physiotherapeutic institutions in Italy were the Istituto Fisioterapico Gabbrielli-Bacci, founded in Florence in 1895, and the Istituto Fisicoterapico founded in Turin in 1898. Both were hospitals and teaching institutions for medical physiotherapies.
#4. Pehr Henrik Ling, the Swedish pioneer in the development of therapeutic exercise, was the founding director of which educational institution for gymnastics in 1813?
In the early 1800s as the Napoleonic Wars were reshaping the European map. The Swedish government was in chaos and there was a growing interest in building a stronger military defence and broader civic fitness. State-funded education in physical exercise was proposed as a means to improve the population’s physical condition. Ling was provided a salary and premises in an old cannon factory in Stockholm.
#5. When was the Finnish Medical Gymnasts Association (Suomen Lääkintävoimistelijain Yhdistyksen) renamed the Finnish Physiotherapy Association (Suomen Fysioterapeutit)?
Calls to change the title to physiotherapist first occurred in 1961. Multiple, small, progressive changes over thirty-one years eventually overcame the determined resistance of some members of the Finnish Medical Gymnasts Association (Suomen Lääkintävoimistelijain Yhdistyksen) to be renamed the Finnish Physiotherapy Association (Suomen Fysioterapeutit) in 1992.
#6. In which year was the first World Physiotherapy Congress held in Africa?
The first World Physiotherapy congress in Africa was held in Cape Town in 2017
#7. In which country were the following leading musculoskeletal physiotherapists born: Robyn McKenzie, Brian Mulligan, Stanley Paris, Mark Laslett and Peter O’Sullivan?
New Zealand has produced a disproportionate number of leading musculoskeletal physiotherapists due to its government introducing a full fee paying and unlimited treatment accident scheme that allowed for a boon in private practices in the 1970s. It produced a flourish of activity, moving physiotherapy towards musculoskeletal and sports practice.
#8. Olive Guthrie Smith developed a system of slings and springs to help injured soldiers rehabilitate against their own resistance and across gravity. From where did she gain inspiration?
Guthrie Smith was a keen yachtswoman who knew that a rope and pulley could be an effective way to move a heavy load. She found that the injured men did not mind pushing themselves to increase their joint range and improve muscle strength when they used a rope and pulley system. Further, severely weakened muscles could be facilitated to contract when their weight was partially supported.
#9. What is the title of the book exploring the history of Canadian physiotherapy written by Joan Cleather?
The book, published in 1995, tells the story of the first 75 years of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association.
#10. Which was the first hospital in Mexico to offer technical courses in Physical Therapy during the 20th century?
Federico Gómez Children´s hospital in México City was the first hospital to offer technical in Physical Therapy courses in 1943. These courses lasted less than 6 months and were given by nurses to people who had not even a high school diploma. See: https://doi.org/10.22201/fm.20075057e.2022.43.22426
#11. Which specialty group was the WCPT’s first in 1978?
The International Federation of Manual and Musculoskeletal Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) was founded in 1974 in Montreal by pioneers including Stanley Paris, Geoffrey Maitland, Freddy Kaltenborn, and Gregory Grieve. It became the first official international specialty group of the WCPT in 1978. The other speciality groups are the International Federation of Sports Physical Therapists, the International Private Physical Therapists Association and the International Association of Physiotherapists working with Older People.
#12. Berta Bobath, who created a unique form of rehabilitation for neurologically-impaired people, was from which country?
Berta Bobath was born in Berlin in 1907.
#13. In which Olympic Games did Swedish gymnastics become a part of the competition.
A clear line has been traced from Swedish gymnastics to the modern floor and beam competitions of artistic gymnastics and the sport of rhythmic gymnastics. Swedish Gymnastics entered the Olympics in the St Louis Games in 1904.
#14. At the 13th General Meeting of WCPT in 1995 India unsuccessfully moved a motion for the inclusion of what traditional healing method to be promoted as a part of physiotherapy?
#15. In which US state was a physiotherapy association founded before the American Women’s Physical Therapy Association?
In 1921 the California Association of Physiotherapists was founded. Based in San Francisco, it was officially accepted by the state’s medical association as an adjunct service.
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